These original sequencing approaches utilized sequence variation in conserved taxonomic markers as molecular fingerprints to identify members of microbial communities 7. Thus, to circumvent the bias imposed by culture and to capture the complete diversity of the microbiome, investigators began applying sequencing methods. or Corynebacterium spp., which were frequently underestimated in culture-based surveys 6. For example, the skin genus Staphylococcus is cultivated more easily than Propionibacterium spp. As this approach selects for microorganisms that thrive in artificial growth conditions, it underestimates the total diversity of the community. Traditionally, skin microbial communities were explored by use of culture-based methods. Studying the composition of the microbiota at different sites is valuable for elucidating the aetiology of common skin disorders, which often have a preference for specific skin sites, such as eczema inside the elbow 4 and psoriasis on the outside of the elbow 5. Human skin sites can be categorized by their physiological characteristics, that is, whether they are sebaceous (oily), moist or dry ( Box 1). In circumstances where the barrier is broken or when the balance between commensals and pathogens is disturbed, skin disease or even systemic disease can result. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is colonized by beneficial microorganisms and serves as a physical barrier to prevent the invasion of pathogens. ![]() Similar to those in our gut, skin microorganisms have essential roles in the protection against invading pathogens, the education of our immune system and the breakdown of natural products 1, 2, 3. Our skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi and viruses that compose the skin microbiota.
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